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The maximum size of a pipe allowed in a concrete column is determined by structural integrity and load-bearing capacity. By permitting the size of a pipe to be up to one-third of the column's diameter, this guideline ensures that sufficient concrete remains around the pipe to provide necessary strength and support. This ratio helps maintain the overall stability and performance of the column, minimizing the risk of compromising the column’s load-bearing capabilities due to excessive voids or reduced cross-sectional area.

When a pipe takes up too much of the column's diameter, it can weaken the concrete structure, making it more susceptible to failure under loads, particularly in compression. It is vital to adhere to these guidelines to ensure compliance with building codes and engineering standards that prioritize safety and structural integrity in construction practices. Thus, allowing a pipe size of one-third of the column diameter strikes a balance between functionality (for plumbing or electrical needs) and the structural robustness of the concrete column.