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Site grading is an essential process in construction that involves leveling the land and preparing the ground for building. The purpose of site grading is to ensure proper drainage, foundation stability, and construction access.

Topsoil is typically used in site grading because it provides a suitable layer for supporting vegetation and landscaping, which are important for erosion control and aesthetics. It is the uppermost layer of soil that is rich in organic material, making it conducive for plant growth. When grading a site, the topsoil can be shaped and redistributed to create a level base for construction, ensuring that the natural contours of the landscape are taken into account.

Concrete and asphalt are materials commonly used for paving surfaces, not for grading the ground itself. Clay, while it may be manipulated during site grading, generally does not provide the same level of fertility or workable structure as topsoil for landscaping and vegetation purposes. Thus, topsoil stands out as the material most directly associated with the grading process for optimal development and environmental management.